What are the top 10 most promising vaccines under development worldwide?

As an AI language model, I can provide you with some information on the top 10 most promising vaccines under development worldwide. However, it’s important to note that the vaccine landscape is constantly evolving, and the rankings may change over time. Here are ten prominent COVID-19 vaccines that have shown promise as of October 2021:

1. Pfizer-BioNTech: This mRNA vaccine, branded as Comirnaty (BNT162b2), was the first to receive emergency use authorization.
2. Moderna: Another mRNA vaccine, known as mRNA-1273, with a similar efficacy to the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
3. Oxford-AstraZeneca: A viral vector-based vaccine called AZD1222, developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca, has been widely adopted globally.
4. Johnson & Johnson: Single-dose viral vector vaccine called Janssen COVID-19, offering convenient distribution.
5. Novavax: A protein subunit vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, with high efficacy against various COVID-19 variants.
6. Sinovac: Uses an inactivated virus platform called CoronaVac, which has been widely used globally.
7. Sinopharm: Inactivated virus vaccine developed by the Beijing Institute of Biological Products and the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products.
8. Bharat Biotech: An inactivated whole-virus vaccine named Covaxin, developed in India.
9. CanSino Biologics: A viral vector-based vaccine, Ad5-nCoV, developed in China that only requires one dose.
10. Sanofi-GSK: Protein subunit vaccine developed by Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline, showing promising results.

It’s worth noting that many other vaccines are in various stages of development worldwide, each with its own advantages and challenges.